Book Two: A Criticism of the Highest Values That Have Prevailed Hitherto
II: Criticism of Morality§280 The instinct of the herd values the middle and the mean as the highest and most precious of all things: this is the place where the majority is to be found, and the air that it breathes. In this way it is the opponent of all order of rank; it regards a climb from the level to the heights in the same light as a descent from the majority to the minority. The herd regards the exception, whether it be above or beneath its general level, as something which is antagonistic and dangerous to itself. Their trick in dealing with the exceptions above them, the strong, the mighty, the wise and the fruitful, is to persuade them to become guardians, herdsmen and watchmen; in fact, to become their head servants: thus they convert a danger into a thing which is useful. In the middle, fear ceases: here a man is alone with nothing; here there is not much room even for misunderstandings; here there is equality; here a man’s individual existence is not felt as a reproach, but as the right existence; here contentment reigns supreme. Mistrust is active only towards the exceptions; to be an exception is to be a sinner.